Tata Company SWOT and PEST Analysis

Tata Motors is an automotive manufacturing company based in India. The company specializes in the design, development, assembly, financing, manufacture, and sale of Tata vehicles. In addition, it sells accessories, and spare parts. The company has its primary operations in India, South Africa, Thailand, South Korea, Spain, the UK, and Bangladesh.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tata Company SWOT and PEST Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tata has its headquarters in Mumbai India with approximately 52,244 employees. For the fiscal year ended march 2011, Tata recorded revenue of $26860 million representing a 33 % increase over the 2010 period. Its operating profit over the same period stood at $1,068.2 million in 2011 compared to $156.4 million in 2010. Current Strategies Pursued by Tata The companys main strategy is to expand its global presence. The company is moving quickly in acquiring other companies in different countries to expand its business globally. According to Goldman (2), Tata has successfully built a sound business in South Africa, which is a key element in its current global expansion strategy. Tata is not new in acquisitions; in 2000 the company bought Tetley Tea a company based in the UK that was suffering from losses. This was the companys first major acquisition. According to Krishnan (4), the companys acquisition of two premium vehicle brands Jaguar and Land Rover may boost the companys image as an international company; in addition, it will help the company in its up scaling efforts similar to the way the acquisition of Tetley Tea Ltd boosted Tata Tea Ltd and Corus Group Plc (Carty 2). Aims and Objectives The objective of this report is to carry out a detailed strategic analysis for Tata Company. The analysis will be based upon secondary from the Internet including the companys financial statements, case studies, and other online sources. The aim of this report is to provide a useful strategic analysis that can be used not only as point of reference for Tata motors but also as a theoretical framework for undertaking the companys valuation.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report may be used as a primary guide for researchers who seek to appreciate and understand Tata company strategies and also get a practical perspective about Tata as a public listed company. Methodology An in-depth analysis of the companys strategy will be undertaken. In analyzing the companys strategy, the report will make use of both qualitative and quantitative analysis based on the data and information gathered from various online sources, published reports about Tata company, and the companys website. The conclusion arrived at shall be a mix of the students own belief as well as factual presentation. Scope of the Report The scope of this report is academ ic and will be based on academic data in addition to past academic and professional analysis of Tata motors. We will present the entire report as a practical framework based on research findings about the company and apply the findings of the research to Tata Motors. There are two major areas that will be covered that include SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats), and PEST Analysis (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological). Limitations The report and the analysis will be done based upon data and published reports sources from recognized business databases on the Internet. It will be done from the students point of view for academic purposes; as a result the output may not qualify as a complete analysis of Tata company. Even though maximum efforts will be applied to ensure that both the analysis and the conclusion arrived at will be as comprehensive as possible and can be adopted in professional scenarios. PEST Analysis Political Given that Tata Mot ors operates in several countries across Asia, Europe, Australia, Middle East, and Africa, it has to consider the political environment, including regulations and laws in the specific countries in which it operates. Regulations that govern trade, commerce, investment, and growth are largely influenced by the political climate.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tata Company SWOT and PEST Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A good example is in 2008 when Tata reached an agreement with a UK based Ford to purchase Land Rover and Jaguar. To do this, it had to fully comprehend the laws that regulate commerce in its home country in addition to the countries where Jaguar and Land Rover operate in. As Tata advances in its global expansion strategy, it is important that it keeps an eye on political changes. The Tata head office reports that India has very strict regulations that govern the regulations of the company in all its dealings and its subsidiary operations (Tata Motors Limited 1). Economic Given its presence in several continents, Tata focus its marketing strategy on the individual markets while keeping a close watch on the global economic developments. From 2004, the company has expanded its global presence through joint ventures. For this reason, it must understand the global economic perspective, to learn, and adapt to the different regions which it operates. Given its wide presence, the company has a competitive edge in gathering of resources and information. For instance, if aluminum prices go up in Africa, Tata has the choice of sourcing them from other suppliers in Europe or Asia at an affordable cost (David 5). The exchange rates equally affect the companys business. Fluctuations in the exchange rate can significantly affect the companys profitability it can also imply that costs increase or reduce in return. For this reason, the company has to pay a closer attention not only t o the Indian currency (rupee) but also other currencies, including the pound, dollar, euro among others (Krishnamoorthy 4). Social How well Tata performs is determined by the opinions, general attitude, and beliefs of all the stakeholders in the organization. The stakeholders include the companys management, employees, and suppliers. The attitudes and culture possessed by the stakeholders ultimately influences Tatas future in terms of profitability.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is because of this that Tata tend to use an integration strategy for the new companies it acquires in various continents. Demographic characteristics equally affect the company. For example the demand for cars in India significantly differs from the demand for cars in Italy. The Indian market is significantly large than that of Italy in addition, the company has to take into account the individual purchasing power in each market. In Italy for example, individuals have higher incomes as such they can afford to drive big luxury vehicles. Cheap vehicles like Tata Nano can do well in India than in Italy. The social factors significantly affect the companys marketing and product design strategies. Technology In terms of technology, Tata motors in one of the leading companies in the industry. Given its global presence, the company has a significant pool of resources and experience that it can use to undertake research and development initiatives. The company translates the needs of the customers into products desired by the customers through innovative research and development (Tata 4). The company employs approximately 1400 engineers and scientists. In addition, it has a Research and Development team that meets the international standards and leads in the Indian market. With the automotive industry, individual manufacturers must keep pace with technology given the emerging problems of high fuel prices and global warming. The company must invest sufficient resources in Research and Development to come up with new innovative solutions that can address these problems and keep the company viable. SWOT Analysis Strengths Tata has an upper hand in innovation because it is fully committed to Research and development. It ability to design the Nano, the least expensive and fuel efficient vehicle that retails at only $2500 represents a better deal than what the other companies have developed. This gives the company a competitive edge over its competition. In addition, the company has diversified its production because it production ranges from the most expensive tractor trailers to the cheapest Nano cars. Because of this the company can satisfy customer demands in various market segments. Similarly the company enjoys a good public image because of its corporate responsibility initiatives, especially charity donations and its environmentally friendly initiatives. In 2000, the company produced the first compressed natural airbus OneCat that neither has gas costs nor carbon emissions (Corporate Governance 7). This has made the car quite attractive for the developed markets. The way the company manages its acquisitions is a strength. As part of its global expansion strategy, whenever it acquires a foreign company, it keeps intact not only the companys structure but also the existing management team. Weaknesses A major weakness that the company faces is its inability to satisfy the safety standards. Even though the company has succeeded in making one of the cheapest cars in the market, the company has not met the legal factors that form part of the safety measures. Some quotas have questioned Tata Nano; they argue that as a car manufacturer, Tata should ensure the safety of its consumers at all costs. They doubt if Tatas cheapest car is safe to drive. For the last one decade, the company specialized in passenger cars. From the customers’ point of view, the period is not long enough and because of this, the company is not fully experienced in car manufacturing. In 2011 December, the company had to recall approximately 1.4 million Nano cars to replace their faulty starter units. The replacement affected all cars that had been produced from 2009 when the new car brand was launched. This cost the company approximately $21.8 million. Such recalls have a negative impact o the companys profitability because the replacement costs adverse effect on the operating results. In addition, product recalls affect public perception of the co mpany because the products are viewed as possessing less quality and this could strain the sale of Tata Motors Company. Opportunities The creation of new products by Tata will most likely enhance consumer confidence and interest in the company. The company launched a number of new products in the 2011 financial year, including Tata Prima Construck in India, Tata Indica eV2 in India, XKR-S at the Geneva motor show Tata Venture in Rajasthan, Tata Magic IRIS, and Tata Ace Zip. In august 2011, the company launched a modified version of its premium hatchback. Its new products development in various markets across the world will significantly improve the companys product portfolio resulting in increased sales and growth. This will also help in growing the companys brand image. Second, the company is better positioned to benefit from the high-demand for diesel cars in India. In the last one year, India has seen a significant increase in the demand for diesel cars. The increase in demand is highly attributed to petrol prices deregulation in June 2010 that saw petrol prices rice by a margin of 30 %. Compared to petrol, in India, diesel fuel is mostly used by manufacturers, and farmers. These groups enjoy subsidized rates. The increase in the prices of petrol in the previous two years has encouraged consumers to shift toward more fuel efficient cars. For the fiscal year 2011, diesel cars had a total market share of 40 % of all the cars sold in India. The Indias Automobile Manufactures reports that from 2011 the sale of diesel cars increased by more than 24 % whereas the sales for petrol cars declined by 16 %. Currently in India the demand for diesel car models account for approximately 80 % of the total market. Tata has positioned itself t benefit from the increased demand for diesel cars in India. Hybrid vehicles are equally another opportunity for Tata Company. As consumers become more environmentally conscious, they demand for eco-friendly cars. In addition, increasi ng oil prices and government regulations aimed at reducing global warming and pollution, are pushing people toward hybrid electric vehicles. The main markets for electric vehicles are majorly the United States, Japan, and Western Europe. However, the rapid economic growth that China is experiencing, it is expected that the demand for hybrid electric vehicles will increase in the country. In 2010, the world hybrid electric vehicle market recorded a sales turnover of $33 billion, and the market is expected to register yearly growth rate of 18 % between 2010 and 2015. As a company, Tata has positioned itself to capture a significant share of the market for hybrid electric vehicles. In the UK Tata Motors is one of the leading green-technology automotive companies. In 2011, the company launched a land rover with an advanced plug-in hybrid diesel technology. The launch was done at the Geneva motor show. The company’s focus toward hybrid vehicles will enable it to benefit from the p ositive market growth in this sector. The India’s automotive industry is equally expected to deliver positive growth. The industry is growing at a faster rate and currently India takes the second position as the fastest growing car market. Future growth of Indias automobile sector will benefit from increased economic growth, high disposable incomes, high population, and change in peoples lifestyles. In the passenger cars segment, it is projected that growth will average 13 % annually from 2011 to 2015. By 2015, it is projected that India will be the seventh largest car market in the globe. By 2020, India will be the worlds third largest market after the United States and China. Threats Stiff competition is a threat the company faces. The world automotive industry is highly competitive and with increasing global consolidation and globalization the competition will increase even further. Competition will be more stiff in the in the premium vehicle categories as all market parti cipants tighten their strategies to maintain their market share in established markets. A number of factors affect competition and these include: product features and quality, development time, innovation, a companys ability to manage its costs, pricing strategy, safety, reliability, fuel economy, and customer service. With the Indian market Tata faces stiff competition from Hyundai, Suzuki, General Motors, Ford, Fiat, Honda Motors, Mitsubishi Motors, and Mahindra Mahindra. Its premium vehicle categories like Jaguar compete with established European brands for example: Audi, Lexus, Mercedes Benz, Volkswagen, Infiniti, and Porsche. The Land Rover on the other hand competes with vehicles made by Nissan, Isuzu, and Toyota. The high competition is highly likely to increase price wars leading to pressure on the companys profits and loss of market share. Environmental laws and regulations equally pose a significant threat. As a vehicle manufacturing company, Tata is expected to abide by government regulations pertaining to carbon emission levels, safety, noise, and pollution from its production facilities. Given the current state of global warming, governments will be even stiffer in enforcing the regulations, and this may adversely affect the companys financial performance. In particular, Europe and the United States have very strict regulations relating to vehicle emissions. Given that Tatas Land Rover and Jaguar brands have well established operations in Europe and UK. In addition, other markets where Tata has interest have begun defining their Greenhouse gas standards including Korea, China, Switzerland, Japan, South Africa, and Australia. In order for Tata to comply with future and current environmental regulations, Tata will have to incur significant capital outlays and research and development expenditures. This will be necessary to upgrade not only its products but also the manufacturing facilities. If the company does this, its costs, and operational resul ts will be affected (Chang 6). The poor economic outlook for Europe and the United States is another potential threat. In 2008 the world suffered one of the worst financial crisis in history. The recession that followed negatively affected the economies of the United States and Europe. According to a report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the output from the two regions will remain below their market potential. The United States is trying to regain its foothold; however, the economy still weak growth coupled with slow job recovery. Similarly, the weak household finances, housing market, and reduced consumer purchasing power have worsened the downside risks. The U.S. economy is forecasted to grow at an average of between 1.5 % and 1.7 % in the 2011/2012 fiscal year. At the same time, Europe suffers high public deficits, increased market instability, and low potential output. All these factors have come into play to reduce the rate of economic growth. Growth in real Gross do mestic product (GDP) within the Euro area is forecasted to decline from two percent in the first half of 2011 to only one percent in 2012. In addition, the ongoing financial challenges facing the region are likely to result in limited credit creation and lower confidence. Given that Tata Motors Company gets approximately 35 % of its revenues from Europe and the United States, such a weak economic environment can adversely affect the companys growth prospects and revenues (Korzeniewski 2). Based on the strategic analysis, Tata is a strong company that has gained significant competitive edge from its global expansion efforts through mergers and acquisitions, and its parent company Tata Group. The company has the right foundation in pace and is well placed to advance its international growth strategy in the selected regions. Works Cited Carty, Sharon. Tata Motors to buy Jaguar, Land Rover for $2.3B. USA Today. 2009. Web. Chang, Richard. Can Detroit be relevant? The New York Times. 2008 . Web. Corporate Governance. Tata group. Tata. 2012. Web. David, Ruth. Tata Motors: ready to take on the world? Forbes. 2012. Web. Korzeniewski, Jeremy. A new agreement between Tata Motors and MDI Bring the air-car closer to reality. AutoblogGreen. 2007. Web. Krishnamoorthy, Anand. Jaguar purchase drives Tata Motors shareholders to end holdings. Bloomberg. 2008. Web. Krishnan, Ravi. Tata small car throws a big punch. Livemint.com. 2008. Web. Tata Motors Limited. Profile. Tatamotors.com. 2012. Web. This report on Tata Company SWOT and PEST Analysis was written and submitted by user Imani Mooney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Science Fair Project Ideas for Materials Science

Science Fair Project Ideas for Materials Science Materials science involves physical science and engineering. Science fair projects can invent new materials, improve existing materials, test the properties of materials, or compare the suitability of different materials for a specific purpose. Heres a look at some science fair project ideas in this field of research. Which material is best at resisting corrosion?Which chemicals produce the most corrosion on a particular material?Which type of fabric survives repeated machine washing the best?Compare the strengths of various types of paper towels.Compare the effectiveness of different types of sunscreen products.What processes can increase the strength of metals?Which type of wood burns the most slowly? Which produces the most heat when burned?Which type of glue is strongest?How does the shape of a material affect its strength? For example, which is stronger... a wooden dowel, I-beam, U-beam, etc. of a certain length and weight?Examine how things break. Do they break in a predictable manner that you can model?How is the bond of adhesive tape affected by temperature?What type of flour produces the fluffiest muffins?How do you make a strong rope using hair? Is it better to lay fibers side by side or wrap them into a bundle or...?What materials resist fire the best?What household materials are effect ive anti-friction lubricants? What type of water filter removes the most impurities?

Organizational Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Business - Assignment Example You should take sometimes before you start changing the employees status quo, these period when you are acclimatizing to your new leadership position is vital in the sense that it gives you an opportunity to know why certain activities are taking place. Once this is established, you will know the approach to take so that tour actions do not generate friction with the employees (Yukl 156). The other guideline is the identification of the informal officials amongst the employees, these officials wields enough powers to influence the decision of the other employees. With regard to that, a good leader should earmark such people and develop friendship with them so that your actions do not internally antagonized. As a leader, it is also essential to have the basic history about your employees on the successes they had accomplished sometimes back and using them as examples for achievement of future goals. When this is done the employees do have the feeling that they are recognized and this motivates them. A leader should also endeavor to interview employees, when employees as this can enable them to get hidden information on what to do to increase efficiency at the work place. Lastly, a good leader needs to set goals to the employees, now that all the employees are understood and you have adapted to the system, it becomes easier to win the trust of the employees. Setting of the goals should also be done in consultation with the employees so that it does not appear as they are on the receiving end (Yukl 167). Regarding the guidelines stipulated above, there is one that can be of great help to the company to which this project is aimed at; identification of the informal officials and developing a cordial relationship with them. The reason as to why I deem it necessary is the fact that in the company there are many informal organizations amongst the employees each with their leader. It is then possible that they believe these leaders and identifying and compromising them will be of great value to the company (Yukl 176). In an organization, conflicts are experienced frequently simply because there are many personalities involved coupled with the dynamic nature of human beings. Some conflicts are structural while others are personal. 1. The structural ones include poor communication where information flow is not clear and failure to execute plans arises due to this 2. Poor organization- this can also lead to conflict due to overlapping of duties causing absconding of duties by some employees. 3. Conflicting goals and objectives will definitely cause conflicts at work place as there is no one to blame for any inconsistency. The personal factors include; 1. Poor skills, this will lead to shifting of blames as no one will be willing to take liability 2. Stresses, employees with personal hangovers are troublesome and will always ignite conflicts at work place. 3. Ego, some employees have the tendency of not consulting on issues as they suppose that will be little them, in such cases they always error and this brew tension in the work place 2 b). In one occasion at the work place, we were assigned duties in groups of fives to ensure that a list of supplies is made ready for debit. In the due course, one of us brought a duly completed list as expected by the departmental head. On realizing this, we absconded doing the same on the premise that one of us has just done the duty, little

Is coporate social responsibility just a new trend or is it the modern Essay

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In-service teacher training - Essay Example Such an analysis, based on four key texts, will re-assess the concept of information literacy in Angola, a developing African country. 1. Introduction Discussions over information literacy in the 21st century are very different from those in the 1980s. The report released on January 10, 1989 by the Presidential Committee on Information Literacy raised some important issues, namely â€Å"the Importance of Information Literacy to Individuals, Business, and Citizenship† and â€Å"Opportunities to Develop Information Literacy† [3]. In the same report, some characteristics of a new type of school were described: an â€Å"Information Age School† [3]. The recommendations from this document mirrored the optimism of such a committee, regarding the fundamental and revolutionary role of information literacy and the challenges this new reality presented to scholars, practitioners, and leaders. The question raised is how scholars, practitioners and leaders perceive the issue of information literacy in developed countries; whether in a national or a global framework. 2. Author’s Perspective Diane Zabel highlights the constraints of an attempt to integrate information literacy as a â€Å"mandated credit instruction† [4], based on the difficult current financial situation of many American students. In the article â€Å"Reaction to "Information Literacy and Higher Education" [4], this author is skeptical about the decision of integrating information literacy into the curriculum, especially involving librarians: It is naive to believe that it is easy to add a required course to the curriculum (†¦). The approval of new courses, majors, minors, and changes in the number of credits required for graduation is a rigorous process. Curricular changes must be justified, requiring the completion of a detailed proposal explaining how a change meets educational objectives and strengthens existing programs [4]. On the other hand, Lauer and Yodanis, i n the article â€Å"The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) : A Tool for Teaching with an International Perspective† [2], explain the advantages scholars have in adopting a less Westernized perspective and developing a global view of the teaching and learning process. Although the three documents share the recognition that information literacy has brought changes to the process of teaching and learning, these authors do not have a consensual stance on the range of application of this new tool and how this reality can be optimized. Zabel raises several constraints in the inclusion of information literacy in the curriculum, whereas Lauer and Yodanis suggest the â€Å"enhancing of global literacy through teaching† [2]. In the 2009 message to students, the dean of the School of Advanced Studies at the University of Phoenix explained the meaning of the scholar - practitioner - leader model. Jeremy Moreland stated: Viewed operationally, the model represents a paradi gm for incorporating lifelong learning (scholarship), social and workplace contribution (practice), and the ability to exert positive influence (leadership) in our learners' academic, professional and personal lives. This means that important theory and research may support professionals in the effective implementation of their work. Consequently, more pragmatic and efficient ways of organizing, monitoring and evaluating public and private

Historical Analysis Of Almayers Folly English Literature Essay

Historical Analysis Of Almayers Folly English Literature Essay The novel Almayers folly is a story of an eastern river that many readers find as an intriguing text. It was Joseph Conrads first novel that opened the door for many more novels to come. Within the novel Almayer, his wife and his daughter all seek out different paths. Almayer wishes to return to Europe, which he perceives as his origin, his wife Mrs. Almayer wishes to return to a pre-colonial Sambir and then his daughter Nina wishes to return to her Malay roots. In the novel we learn about the two dominant cultures of Sambir which are White and Malay but what we dont understand is that by separating the two dominant cultures and returning Sambir to its original state would right an imperialist wrong. There are many controversies against joseph Conrad and his works of writing. It starts off with the question of Is joseph Conrad against or for imperialism? After reading Almayers folly and the other works on reserve I believe it is safe to say that Joseph Conrad was against imperialism. A good author writes what they know, and joseph Conrad used his books and other pieces of work to subliminally talk about his views of imperialism without becoming an outcast is his society. In the introduction of the Historical Guide to Joseph Conrad I read about how authors are shaped by their environment and their historical and cultural surroundings. This point supports how Conrad act as if he is an insider and an imperialist but secretly he feel like an outsider in his society and does not share the same views as everybody else . Almayer`s Folly takes on a special meaning in its characters lives. It is a story about quest and how each character must take on different challenges that make it exciting and interesting. In the novel, Almayer`s Folly, is the quest of the main character Kaspar Almayer but after researching Conrad we see pieces of himself in his main character. The story first takes place on an island called Borneo in the nineteenth century. He is a Dutch colonial who opened up a trading post on the island of Borneo. However, Almayer finds himself wanting to go back to his European routes, he its tired of his unfulfilling island life and rather be back in Amsterdam. Conrad also immigrated from Ukraine to England and was a sailor just how Almayer immigrated from Amsterdam to Borneo and was a sailor. Almayer had two major dilemmas which happened to be from his failed business and his mental suffering due to his failed marriage. In 1878 Conrad attempted suicide; in the story, Almayer was starting to be driven crazy by the long days and the surroundings of the island. He started to feel isolated and depressed and if it was not for his beautiful daughter Nina, Almayer would have taken his life as well. Conrad does not write about suicide because it is not accepted in his social class and since the men who will read his novels are most likely rich and imperialists he must abide by their rules. Almayer wished to have his freedom back just how Conrad wished to have freedom of speech. He absorbs himself in his dream of wealth and power away from this coast where he had dwelt for so many years, forgetting the bitterness of toil and strife in the vision of a great and splendid reward. This quote gives us a look at how Almayer was taken into a dream state wanted to go to a better place. At the beginning of the story, Conrad said Almayer had left his home with a light heart and a lighter pocket, speaking English well and strong in arithmetic; ready to conquer the world, never doubting that he would. This shows how Almayer connects to Conrad in the real world because Conrad did a similar thing but he traveled to England instead of Borneo. Almayer suffered through overwhelming odds in his twenty-five year long struggle. Almayers wife was jealous of how much Nina loved her father. His wife had soon commenced to treat him with a savage contempt expressed by sulky silence, only occasionally varied by a flood of savage invective. Conrad uses the word savage, but he is not referring to a Native American in this text, he is referring the Almayers actions. In the nineteenth century it was not uncommon to call natives savages, because we as humans are scared of what we dont know and dont understand. Conrad, being the anti-imperialist decided to use the word savage without offe nding natives and their culture but while doing so he gives off the impression of still being a part of the social norm. Further in the story we see a character awakening on a very personal level. Nina realizes she is not of pure European blood, she realizes that she will never be accepted as an equal within the Europeans or the whites since she is a half-breed. It is for this reason that Nina chooses to live with the natives. Almayer is an example of someone who is stuck for he stays where he is and he realizes that he is going nowhere which turns out to be his real Folly. Conrad pushes the limits of the social norm when he writes about Nina joining the natives. Being a half-breed in the nineteenth century, you would not be accepted for who you are. Conrad uses this to subtly hint that the way of living is wrong and everyone should be accepted for who they are no matter their breeding background or the colour of their skin. In the summary of Almayer`s Folly we have seen that Conrad has not written in an imperialistic way. It is important to note that Forster, along with Conrad and Lawrence,  is one of the few writers of this time period who treats the members of a backward country with the seriousness and sympathy considered necessary for an anthropological understanding by modern standards. This quote from savage and literature explains why we do not see the imperialistic views in Conrad`s novel Almayer`s Folly. Work Cited Conrad, Joseph. Almayers Folly. Great Britain: Wordsworth Editions, 1996. Print. Peters, John G. A Historical Guide to Joseph Conrad. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2010. Print. Street, Brian V. The Savage in Literature: Representations of primitive Society in English Fiction, 1858-1920. London: Routledge K. Paul, 1975. Print.

Population: The Growing Problem Essay -- Science Biology Papers

Population: The Growing Problem History of Earth's Population From the beginning of time until 1850, the world population had been steadily growing until it finally reached the point of one billion people. Hurray for our species, we are successful and have been able to make adaptations in order to survive! Then, only 80 years later, the world population doubled to a whopping 2 billion citizens. After that, the doubling time was sliced once again. By 1960, just thirty years later, three billion people called Earth "home." Seventeen year later, in 1977, the world population hit four billion people. In 1986, nine short years later, we reached a population of 5 billion inhabitants. Sometime in the next few years, we are looking at crossing the 6 billion mark (Davidson 1995). The notion, debate, and warning behind overpopulation is nothing new. The theologian Tertullian, in 200 CE, wrote, "What most frequently meets out view (and occasions complaint) is our teeming population." He continued by exclaiming that "[the global population] numbers are burdensome to the world, which can hardly support us." At the time of this statement, the global population totaled a mere 190 million people (Lambert 1995). In 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus, possibly one of the best-known writers and debaters of overpopulation, wrote an essay entitled "Principle of Population." In this composition, Malthus suggested that humankind was, currently and forever more, playing a hopeless game of population vs. natural resources. This game, he continued, would end with a vast number of humans losing the battle. Malthus presented this doomsday scenario of global overpopulation as closely connected with famine and starvation. His belief was that human po... ...9). World population and development. New York: Syracuse University Press. "Ireland." The 1996 grolier multimedia encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury: Grolier, 1996. Lambert, T.A., Olin, J.M, Abernethy, V.D., Barroso, C., Sen, G. (1995). Women and population. Environment, 37, 3. Sanger, M. (1931). My fight for birth control. New York: Maxwell Reprint Company. Sax, K. (1955). The world's exploding population. Boston: Beacon Press. Scanlon, M. (1997, September). The new population bomb. Mother Earth News, 163, 48. Wattenberg, B.J. (1997, November). The population explosion is over. The New York Times Magazine, 60-63. Wilson, E.O. (1992). The diversity of life. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. World-wide web 1: "United nations population fund moves day of six billion based on new population esitmates." 30 October, 1998.

A Comparative Study of Criminal Justice Major Students

The study probes the perceptions of criminal justice majors. In essence, the study aims to determine if the formal educational background of a criminal justice major is a vital factor in the shaping of an individual’s perception of the criminal justice system as compared to those who do not have any.Students from the university were sampled to serve as the respondents for the study who were divided into two groups: criminal justice majors and non majors. The study’s assumption was: there is no significant difference between the perception of the criminal justice majors and non majors.Chapter I: IntroductionOver the years, studies have been made to shed light on the issue of criminal justice as perceived by the general public and by the criminal justice majors. The perception of the general pubic and the criminal justice majors, of course, differs in a lot of aspects.Logically, non criminal justice majors or the public mainly rely on the mass media for the information th at they need while the criminal justice majors have a broader background on the issue of crime and criminal justice.Criminal justice majors are usually exposed with researches that would explain phenomena in the field of criminal justice. Thus, there is a definite difference between the perception of the criminal justice majors and the public (Tsoudis, 2000).But then, an exploratory study is needed to further back up this claim. Does the education background of the criminal justice majors has something to do with their perception of crime and criminal justice?How can this educational background of the criminal justice majors would eventually influence or affect the perception of the general public? How influential can the media be in shaping the public’s perception of crime and criminal justice?These questions are only few that have to be answered to prove that the claims of the previous studies are valid and logical.The media has also been the main source of information amon g the public. Undeniably, groups of people mainly rely their notion and perceptions over things on the information that they consume provided by the media.There have been debates over the influence of the media and its tendency to veer away from truth. Some media outfits are guilty of exaggerating news items especially those dealing with crimes for the simple reason of getting a â€Å"controversial scoop† or because they have doing it unconsciously.Nadler (2005) writes, â€Å"Such media play can undermine the public’s perception of the legitimacy of law enforcement generally.   This loss of legitimacy and distrust of the fairness of the legal system, can in turn lead to more widespread lawbreaking.†Connie McNeely (1995) writes that most of what Americans understand about law enforcement comes from what they view in the media, mainly television and movies.Aside from these media experiences, many Americans do not have the first hand knowledge of the inter-workin gs of border patrol or general law enforcement at the community level.True enough, media have the great role of shaping the minds of its audience.Because her insights are somewhat outdated in this day and age of television shows like CSI and 24, it would be interesting to carry out further study of this idea.   Still her study warrants close examination as she furthers her argument by writing:

The Student’s Guide to Writing an Essay on Shakespeare

The Student’s Guide to Writing an Essay on Shakespeare Shakespeare is one of the best-known names when it comes to English literature. Even though he wrote his literature hundreds of years ago, his name still comes up in popular culture. Every few years, there seems to be a new movie based upon one of his plays. In fact, Shakespeare is credited with having the most movies based on his work. In fact, there are over a dozen movies currently in production based on his work. Even though his name is famous, it can sometimes be difficult to know how to write an essay on Shakespeare or his works. Let’s look into some of the best ways in which a student, either in high school or college, can write a great essay on Shakespeare. What is a Shakespeare Essay? According to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary, an essay is defined as an analytic or interpretive literary composition usually dealing with its subject from a limited or personal point of view. Using this definition, it is safe to assume that you are allowed to write about your opinion of Shakespeare or his works. Of course, with any high school or college essay, you are also going to want to back up your opinion with fact. If you have any questions about specific ways to compose your essay (some of these ways will be discussed later in this article) make sure to ask your teacher or consult the assignment rubric. Assignment rubrics will usually have the guidelines for the essay written out in an easy-to-understand way. It is also in the rubric that you will likely find the length your paper needs to be and the general topic of your paper. How to Choose Your Topic: Secrets of Our Academic Writers Sometimes, topics are assigned to students in the rubric or directly by their teacher or professor. Sometimes the topics may be specific, other times there may only be a general topic. Some general topics that students may need to use in Shakespeare essays include Shakespeare biographical essays, essays on his plays, or essays on his sonnets. Many essays are likely to focus on the character relationships, dialogue, and symbolism of elements in Shakespeare’s plays. This is because people are more likely to have a debatable opinion on these features of the play. There is little room for opinion in biographical essays or essays based on the themes of the play. However, when it comes to how characters interact with each other, there can be speculation between why the characters act a certain way of what the dialogue might be translated to if the play was performed in today’s time. Since it can become difficult to pick a topic for writing a Shakespeare essay (since there are so many to pick from) we have provided a list of topics with examples of how they might be used. Feel free to use any of these topics in your own essay. Comparison and Contrast between the Leading Men in Romeo And Juliet: Romeo and Paris. Romeo and Paris are much different in age, with Romeo being much closer to Juliet’s age. Paris is a friend of the family, and Capulet approves of his seeking a relationship with Juliet. Romeo is a Montague, a member of the Capulet’s rival family. However, with all of their differences, they both want Juliet to love them. Many Older Versions of Othello Used Blackface, as African Actors Did Not Act on Stage. Would it be Good or Bad to Continue This Practice? When the plays were originally produced, blackface (a practice in which white actors cover their faces in brown paint to pretend to be African) was commonly used. However, blackface is frowned upon today for being racist. Would it be better to keep using blackface to keep with tradition or would it be better to hire African actors to act as African characters, like in Othello? Was the Fool In King Lear Actually Foolish or Was He Intelligent? How Would This Impact the Play? The fool in King Lear often talks to the king. The king likely assumes the fool is an idiot. However, is he actually an idiot? Who is more foolish: the king or the fool? Thinking about the play in this way, how does it affect its interpretation? The Original Hamlet Play Was Set in Denmark. However, in Recent Movies, the Story is not Always Set in Denmark. So, Does the Setting Matter to the Context of the Play? Hamlet is set in Denmark in the original play. New adaptations of the play aren’t always set in the same place. Does this make any real difference in the play’s impact? Why or why not? Who is More Influential in Macbeth: Macbeth or Lady Macbeth? Why? In MacBeth, Lady MacBeth is the mastermind behind everything, while MacBeth is more likely to take action. Because of this, who had more influence over the actions of the play? Why? Pre-Writing Tips You Can’t Skip Once you have a topic picked out, it is time to plan out your paper. There are a few steps that you should take before writing your paper. These steps will make you spend more time in planning, but if you do them correctly, they are sure to help you to save time when you are actually writing your paper. Let’s take a look at some tips that can help. Find Sources While parts of the essay will rely on the author’s opinion, these opinions need to be backed up with facts if they are to be reliable and believable. One of the first sources you should use if you are writing about Shakespeare’s life are Shakespeare biographies. If you are writing about the plays of sonnets, then using those writings (written in the original English) is best. To find a complete list (with links) of Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets, you can use this link. Shakespeare’s actual works would be primary sources for your paper. Primary sources, in the case of writing a Shakespeare essay, would be anything that Shakespeare wrote himself. Other sources you might want to consider for your essay are secondary sources. These are sources that in some way discuss or interpret a primary source. Examples of secondary sources you could use for your paper include a biography written about Shakespeare, commentary made on his plays, or an interpretation of what certain words could mean in today’s English. Take Notes This tip is helpful whether you are writing an essay or a larger paper. Whenever you find something that you want to remember, make sure to write it down. Students tend to remember things more easily when they write on paper, rather than typing. You will also want to write down vital information, like the books or websites you used to find the notes, the page number of the information, and who wrote the information. This will be useful in finding the source again later. When you take your notes, you do not need to write a complete first draft. Simply, write down the important interpretations and commentary you find in secondary sources and interesting quotes you find in your primary source. You may even want to add notes on your own opinion to these pages so you remember them when you begin writing your paper. Outline While this step is not necessary to writing a paper, some students may find it useful to begin their paper by writing an outline. Even this article was written beginning with an outline! This shows that knowing how to use an outline can be practical, not only in school but in a career. There are several online outline makers that you can use to start you off with. One great outline maker is the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School Outline. Click on the link to go to their website. To use this tool, you can simply fill in the text boxes as labeled. Once you are done, click â€Å"Create Outline.†Ã‚   Below is a sample outline we made with the website that could be used for a Shakespeare essay. Romeo and Juliet: More Tragic than Romantic Jane Doe I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Background B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Romeo and Juliet was originally written, it was meant to be portrayed as a tragedy. Over the years, viewers have begun to see the play as more romantic. This essay will discuss what moments makes the play a tragedy. II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Young Love Gone Wrong A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Juliet was supposed to be with Paris, a much older man. However, she could not talk to her father about this, which may have prompted her to seek a relationship with the much younger Romeo. Essay Formatting Most essays are formatted in the same way. Below is a short list of the components usually included in an essay. Keep this list in mind as you are writing your paper. Once you have looked them over, skip down to the next paragraph to learn more about each section. Title Thesis statement/introduction Body paragraphs Conclusion Reference Page Title Writing the title can be a daunting task. Some students get so caught up on writing a title that they don’t get started on their paper. To avoid having this happen to you, simply wait until you are finished writing your paper to make up a title. Once you have everything written, it should be much easier to think of a title. If all else fails, simply make the title the name of the play you are looking over, or even a quote from the play. Thesis Statement/Introduction Like the title, an introduction can also be hard to write at first. After all, how are you supposed to write a paragraph on what your essay is about when you haven’t even written your essay yet? Like the title, you can wait until you have finished the rest of your paper to write the introduction. Just go back and write it in. It’s as simple as that. The thesis statement is always a part of the introduction. It is usually one of the last sentences in the introductory paragraph. Dictionary.com says it best when they write that a thesis statement is, â€Å"a short statement, usually one sentence, that summarizes the main point or claim of an essay, research paper, etc† So, try to state the main point of your essay. It doesn’t need to be too long, just so long as the reader knows what the essay is about by reading your thesis statement. Body Paragraphs Body paragraphs will make up the bulk of your paper. This is where you will state your opinions, or main points, and back up your claims using either lines from the plays/sonnets or with information from a secondary source. The first sentence of each body paragraph (most essays have three) should contain the main point of the paragraph; the middle sentences should back up your main point with information; and the final sentence should summarize the paragraph. Conclusion Conclusions are usually easy enough to write. As the name implies, you will conclude your essay in this paragraph. In a way, it’s almost like your introductory paragraph. Restate the main point of your whole paper, as well as the main points of your body paragraphs, and that’s it! Reference Pages Depending on your teacher’s requirements, you are likely to need to have a reference page at the end of your paper. Most English classes will require you format your paper with the MLA (Modern Language Association) formatting. However, other teachers or classes may require you to use another style guide. For a list of all style guides, with links on how to use them, click here. Post-Writing Tips Once you are done writing your paper, there are a couple of things you can do to make sure your essay is great. The first thing to do is to go over a general edit of your paper. There are a few ways to do this. You may want to begin by reading over your essay or having someone else look over your essay, to see what mistakes you can catch. After that, you can use a grammar/spelling checker, like Grammarly, to catch and fix those kinds of mistakes. The next thing you will want to do before you turn in your paper is to make sure that you have put in all of your references. Some classes may only require you to have a references page, while others will require you to also use internal citations. You can use this link to find the requirements for doing either of these tasks with whatever style guide your teacher requires you to use. We hope that this guide on how to write a Shakespeare essay helps you to write your paper, whether it be for a college or high school class. Using our   Shakespeare essay tips and topic ideas above, you are sure to have a great start on your paper already. Good luck!

Giving It Away †Nothing for Nothing

Giving It Away – Nothing for Nothing I’m going to take a stance here that may rub some of y’all raw. Quit giving away your work. It’s an old mantra with me . . . one that FundsforWriters was founded upon. You cannot make a living giving yourself away. Doctors don’t give away their expertise. Lawyers charge for their services. So do teachers, plumbers . . . even hookers do it. But you need exposure, you may say. No you don’t. Not that kind of exposure. Do you know what you look like when you pitch an editor or agent and the only items on your resume are: 1) Your serial novel on your blog;2) Your articles on websites that do not pay;3) Your poetry for free on your website;4) Your free short stories on anyplace that will take them. But you keep trying to sell your work and nobody buys it. So you figure you’ll post it online and somebody might discover it. Here are the flaws in that logic. LOGIC A. The people hungry for your free work usually aren’t the type willing to pay. Think about it. They’re usually trolling for free work, and continually seek the good deal. They have no desire to pay full price for a book or subscription, maybe not even one copy of a magazine where your work appears, because there’s ample free material available. LOGIC B.Editors and agents do not visit those freebie places. Not unless you happen to be that one in a million writer who trends on Twitter or manages to garner tens of thousands of readers. Not hundreds†¦thousands. Your odds are better pitching to editors. LOGIC C. If you are publishing for free because you keep getting rejected, then your writing might need work. People willing to pay for writing expect to receive a good return for their investment, so your work has to be refined and polished to rate their hard-earned dollar. LOGIC DIf you are publishing for free because you don’t want to learn the ropes of how to submit to publishers and markets that pay, you might not be made of strong enough material to weather this business. Argue with me. Go ahead. Then tell me how much money you’ve made from that â€Å"exposure.† I’m all ears. I’m not trying to hurt your feelings. On the contrary. I want you to make a buck at this business. But too many writers think that giving their work away is â€Å"exposure† or a means to â€Å"getting discovered† when in reality, they usually end up sitting in place and waiting for nothing†¦and doing it for a long time. It’s understandable you need to be proactive, but put that energy to good use in the right direction. 1) Improve your writing2) Sell your work3) Promote yourself. You don’t want to appear so desperate you give it away. In all aspects of your life, how much quality do you attribute to something that was given to you for free? If you give your writing away for free, you cant afford to remain a writer for long. Fight to stick around . . . get paid for your work.

Common Sense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Common Sense - Essay Example He had great ideas about equality, democracy, abolishment of slavery, better healthcare and education, pensions and morality. If only we had worked on them this country would have been very different from its current situation. He had a fiercely revolutionary life, he changed the world unfortunately the world did not remember his favors for that long a time. He died basically ignored, but his pamphlets his writings bought him to the pinnacle of success. His words had the influence to transform nations. A man of the Enlightenment, he had great zeal for the idea that the potential of this world is growing to increase tenfold, like he used to quote: Moving on to Paine’s writings, he considered the status of the King or the Monarch firstly from a biblical view of how religion places him and what respect he deserves. Only then would he move to analyze the historical significance of this authoritative figure of a ‘King’. Paine had a strong belief in the concept of equality he was a great advocate of the notion that each and every person was equal. He always argues that God created all of mankind to be equal and this difference between the status of the king and subject is created by man and hence is not true. He takes help from the Holy Bible of the Christians and the history of the Jews to rebut monarchy as a form of government. He uses the above two sources to quote several examples of why monarchy further deepens the problem of inequality. He disapproves of ‘Hereditary Succession’ as he believes it is a bane for the upcoming generations. This concept of succession was derived for the convenience of kings to select their successor but this got tainted into a right. Hereditary succession is wrong no matter how the king got selected, as in whether he was elected or through usurpation. As mentioned above Paine used examples to illustrate his

Reading Lesson 275 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reading Lesson 275 - Essay Example If the student was unable to finish their book in the allotted time period, the teacher will direct the student to depict as much of the story as they were able to get to. This activity should last for the remainder of period which will be approximately 12 minutes. If the students finish earlier, they can present their book to the class by showcasing the pictures or word on their posters. Materials Needed: One book with ten pages or less for each student Poster board or construction paper Markers and crayons Stickers, stamps, other decorative items Task Dimensions Lesson Plan: Task Dimension Task History I would assume that the students will have experienced previous lessons regarding reading and were familiar enough readers to be able to handle a book with 10 pages, but not yet masters of this particular subject. Task Response Form Students are required to read the book on their own and then will respond to this task by creating a poster depicting the story’s main ideas. Task Modality Written and motor will be modes of learning during this lesson plan.